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2022-01-18 16:28:10 +01:00
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title: "keyboard"
tags: [ "Documentation", "basics" ]
---
# Set Layout
Set layout to British English.
> setxkbmap -layout gb
Or Polish with:
> setxkbmap -layout pl
| Language | short |
|:--------|:------|
| Polish | pl |
| Serbian | rs |
Set 'alt + shift', as the command which cycles through the British English, Polish and Serbian keyboard layout.
> setxkbmap -layout gb,pl,rs -option grp:alt_shift_toggle

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title: "logs"
tags: [ "Documentation", "basics" ]
---
## Syslog Management Protocols
Let's look at the programs filling in things on our /var/log/ directory.
* rsyslog (common)
* syslog (old)
* syslog-ng (lots of content-based filtering)
* klogd (kernel-focussed)
# `rsyslog`
The config rests in /etc/rsyslog.conf, which then references /etc/rsyslog.d/.
# Systemd
This thing makes its own logs with journald, and the journal's own logging system writes to /var/log/journal/ directory, which is then filled with nonsense.
You can obtain nonsense in systemd's own format by entering:
journalctl -e
This thing generates so much nonsense it can crash your system, but can at least be checked with:
> journalctl --disk-usage
... in case you can't remember the `du` command.
You can limit the nonsense by editing the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file, and finding `#SystemMaxFileSize=`
# Logger
You can log things at any time with the logger:
> logger Server is being a dick!
Put things into a specific log with `-p`. They can enter into, e.g., lpr (printer) log file with a priority of "critical", with:
> logger -p lpr.crit Help!
Logfiles rotate around and eventually get deleted. Rotation means they get compressed.
Edit the config in /etc/logrotate.conf.
A few apps have their own special log rotation rules, kept in /etc/logrotate.d/.
The major variables to change are `weekly`, which compresses log files weekly, and `rotate 4`, which keeps 4 weeks worth of backlogs before deletion.
# Force Log Rotation
> sudo systemctl kill --kill-who=main --signal=SIGUSR2 systemd-journald.service
or just
> sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald.service

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title: "swap"
tags: [ "Documentation", "basics" ]
---
# Making a Swap File
> sudo mkdir -v /var/cache/swap
> cd /var/cache/swap
> sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1K count=4M
This creates a swapfile of (1k x 4M) 4 Gigs.
Change 4M to XM for an XGig swap.
> sudo chmod 600 swapfile
> sudo mkswap swapfile
> sudo swapon swapfile
Test it's working with top
> top -bn1 | grep -i swap
or:
> echo "/var/cache/swap/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
Test it'll work at boot with:
> sudo swapoff swapfile
> sudo swapon -va
# Partition Swaps
Put this in /etc/fstab:
`UUID=blah-blah none swap sw 0 0`
Then test it works with:
> sudo swapon -va
Test other partitions in fstab with:
> sudo mount -a