move dir fundamentals to basics

basics/conditionals.md

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+# If statements
+
+Test statement equality as so:
+
+```
+
+read t1
+read t2
+if test $t1 != $t2; then
+	echo 'variables do not match'
+else
+	echo 'variables match'
+fi
+exit 0
+
+```
+
+# Case Structure
+
+These deal with multiple states rather than forking conditions.
+
+Example: 
+
+```
+
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Simple case demonstration
+
+echo "What's your favourite creature?"
+read CRE
+case $CRE in
+        human | humanoids ) echo "Why is $CRE always standard?"
+;;
+        troll | monsters ) echo "Not exactly known for their character ..."
+;;
+        owlbears | monsters ) echo "Really you're a wizard fan"
+;;
+esac
+
+# While and Until
+This prints from 10 until 2.
+
+> declare -i COUNTER
+
+> COUNTER=10
+
+> while [ $COUNTER -gt 2 ]; do
+
+        > echo The counter is $COUNTER
+
+        > COUNTER=COUNTER-1
+
+> done
+
+> exit 0
+
+```
+
+There's also 'until', which stops when something is true, rather than keeping going when something is true.
+
+# For
+
+> for i in $( ls ); do
+> 	du -sh $i
+> done
+
+# Sequences
+
+The sequences tool counts up from X in jumps of Y to number Z.
+
+Count from 1 to 10.
+
+> seq 10
+
+Count from 4 to 11.
+
+> seq 4 11
+
+Count from 1 to 100 in steps of 5.
+
+> seq 1 5 100
+