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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see https://gitea.dmz.rs/disu1950/">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css">
* {
font-family: 'Monaco', monospace;
}
p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
h1 { text-align: center }
</style>
<title>TERMUX</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">TERMUX</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#USER INTERFACE">USER INTERFACE</a><br>
<a href="#Using wake-lock">Using wake-lock</a><br>
<a href="#TOUCH KEYBOARD">TOUCH KEYBOARD</a><br>
<a href="#HARDWARE KEYBOARD">HARDWARE KEYBOARD</a><br>
<a href="#CONFIGURATION">CONFIGURATION</a><br>
<a href="#EXTRA KEYS ROW">EXTRA KEYS ROW</a><br>
<a href="#SUPPORTED KEYS">SUPPORTED KEYS</a><br>
<a href="#TEXT INPUT VIEW">TEXT INPUT VIEW</a><br>
<a href="#DIFFERENCES FROM LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS">DIFFERENCES FROM LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#PACKAGE MANAGEMENT">PACKAGE MANAGEMENT</a><br>
<a href="#ACCESSING THE STORAGE">ACCESSING THE STORAGE</a><br>
<a href="#Note about external storage">Note about external storage</a><br>
<a href="#Transferring files to Termux">Transferring files to Termux</a><br>
<a href="#Sharing data to other applications">Sharing data to other applications</a><br>
<a href="#Android 11+">Android 11+</a><br>
<a href="#BACKUP AND RESTORE">BACKUP AND RESTORE</a><br>
<a href="#RECOVERY IF SESSION FAILS TO START">RECOVERY IF SESSION FAILS TO START</a><br>
<a href="#ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a><br>
<a href="#FILES">FILES</a><br>
<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<a href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a><br>
<hr>
<h2>NAME
<a name="NAME"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Termux</b> -
a terminal emulator application for Android OS.</p>
<h2>DESCRIPTION
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux is an
Android terminal emulator and Linux environment application
that works directly with no rooting or setup required. A
minimal base system is installed automatically, additional
packages are available using the package manager.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Here is a just a
brief list of things you can do with Termux:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>Data processing with Python.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>Programming in a development environment.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>Downloading and managing files and pages using
time-established tools.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>Learning the basics of the Linux command line
environment.</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>Running an SSH client.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>Synchronizing and backing up your files.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Of course, usage
is not limited to the topics listed above.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Note that it is
expected that you have at least basic knowledge about
command line and shell scripting.</p>
<h2>USER INTERFACE
<a name="USER INTERFACE"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">At launch Termux
shows a terminal interface, whose text size can be adjusted
by pinch zooming or double tapping and pulling the content
towards or from you.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Besides the
terminal there are three additional interface elements
available: a context menu, navigation drawer and
notification.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The context menu
can be shown by long pressing anywhere on the terminal. It
provides menu entries for:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Selecting and pasting text.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Opening URL selector.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Sharing text from the terminal to other apps
(e.g.&nbsp;email or SMS).</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Launching password autofill service.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Resetting the terminal if it gets stuck.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Force terminating the current session.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Styling the terminal by selecting a font and a color
scheme.</p> </td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Check box for toggling screen always on feature.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Showing this help page.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Opening settings menu.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="83%">
<p>Reporting issue.</p></td>
<td width="5%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The navigation
drawer is revealed by swiping inwards from the left part of
the screen. It has four elements:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Button for opening Termux
settings.</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>A list of sessions. Clicking on a session shows it in
the terminal while long pressing allows you to specify a
session title.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>A button to toggle visibility of the touch keyboard.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="88%">
<p>A button to create new terminal sessions. Long press it
for creating a named session or a fail-safe one.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The
notification, available when a terminal session is running,
is available by pulling down the notification menu. Pressing
the notification leads to the most current terminal session.
It may also be expanded by pinch-zooming or performing a
single-finger glide to expose these actions:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="79%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Exiting all running terminal
sessions.</p> </td>
<td width="9%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="79%">
<p>Use a wake lock to avoid entering sleep mode.</p></td>
<td width="9%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="79%">
<p>Use a high performance wifi lock to maximize wifi
performance.</p> </td>
<td width="9%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">With a wake lock
held the notification and Termux background processes will
be available even if no terminal session is running, which
allows server and other background processes to run more
reliably.</p>
<h3>Using wake-lock
<a name="Using wake-lock"></a>
</h3>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">If you are
executing a long operation in Termux and want to turn off
device screen, you need to enable Wake Lock. You can do that
through the notification, by clicking on button
&ldquo;Acquire wakelock&rdquo; or by executing this
command:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">termux-wake-lock</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Wake locks are
needed to prevent device from going into sleep mode. If you
will not do that, your tasks will run very slowly or even be
paused. Acquired Wake Lock implies a higher battery usage
during standby.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Please note that
Wake Lock does not affect network performance when screen is
off and you may observe a packet loss.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">To release Wake
Lock, you need to either run command</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">termux-wake-unlock</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">or click button
&ldquo;Release wakelock&rdquo; in notification.</p>
<h2>TOUCH KEYBOARD
<a name="TOUCH KEYBOARD"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Use of keys like
ALT, CTRL, ESC is necessary for working with a command line
programs. As Android touch keyboards usually do not include
such keys, Termux uses the Volume-Down button to emulate the
CTRL key. For example, holding the Volume-Down and
&ldquo;L&rdquo; on touch keyboard will send the same input
as pressing key combination CTRL+L on a hardware
keyboard.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The result of
using CTRL (Volume-Down) in combination with a key depends
on which program is being used. See below for the list of
common shortcuts usable in most shells.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><tt>CTRL+A</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Move cursor to the beginning of
line</p> </td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+C</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Abort current process by sending SIGINT</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+D</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Logout of a terminal session by sending EOF</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+E</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Move cursor to the end of line</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+K</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Delete from cursor to the end of line</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+U</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Delete from cursor to the beginning of line</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+L</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Clear the terminal</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+Z</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Suspend current process by sending SIGTSTP</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p><tt>CTRL+W</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="55%">
<p>Clear prompt before word</p></td>
<td width="27%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The Volume-Up
key also serves as a special key to produce certain input.
But please note that Volume-Up is not equivalent of the ALT
key. <tt><br>
Volume-Up+E</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Escape key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+T</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Tab key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+1</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">F1, Volume-Up+2 will produce
F2, etc</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+0</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">F10 key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+B</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">ALT+B, back a word when using
Readline</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+F</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">ALT+F, forward a word when
using Realine</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+X</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">ALT+X</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+W</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Up arrow key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+A</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Left arrow key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+S</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Down arrow key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+D</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Right arrow key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+L</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;"><b>|</b>, the pipe
character</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+H</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;"><b>~</b>, the tilde
character</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+U</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;"><b>_</b>, the underscore
character</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+P</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Page Up key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+N</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Page Down key</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+.</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">CTRL+\, send SIGQUIT</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+V</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Show the volume control</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+Q</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Toggle extra keys row</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Volume-Up+K</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Another variant to toggle extra
keys row</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux supports
the special key row which allows you to specify desired keys
like CTRL or ESC or their combinations. See section <b>EXTRA
KEYS ROW</b>.</p>
<h2>HARDWARE KEYBOARD
<a name="HARDWARE KEYBOARD"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The following
shortcuts are available when using Termux with a hardware
(e.g.&nbsp;Bluetooth) keyboard: <tt><br>
CTRL+ALT+C</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Create new session</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+R</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Rename current session</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+&lt;DOWN&gt;</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Switch to next session</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+&lt;UP&gt;</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Switch to previous session</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+&lt;RIGHT&gt;</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Open drawer</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+&lt;LEFT&gt;</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Close drawer</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+K</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Toggle soft keyboard.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+M</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Show menu</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+U</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Select URL</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+V</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Paste clipboard content</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+ (+/-)</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Adjust font size</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>CTRL+ALT+ (1-9)</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Go to numbered session</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">These shortcuts
do not work with touch keyboard or extra keys row.</p>
<h2>CONFIGURATION
<a name="CONFIGURATION"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">All Termux
configuration is done through text file located at</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">~/.termux/termux.properties</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">It uses a simple
key=value property syntax. See below for all supported
properties.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Note that
updated configuration takes effect only when you have
executed</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">termux-reload-settings</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">or have
restarted the application. <tt><br>
allow-external-apps</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">If set to &ldquo;true&rdquo;,
external applications are allowed to execute arbitrary
commands within the Termux environment through the
RUN_COMMAND intent, if permission
com.termux.permission.RUN_COMMAND has been granted.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">This option is
also required for functionality of <b>termux-open</b> and
other things using Content Provider as of Termux
v0.118+.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>back-key</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the behaviour of key
&ldquo;back&rdquo;.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Accepts a one
of these values:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="79%">
<p><b>back</b> - The default. A standard behaviour of
Android OS, will hide touch keyboard if shown, if not - move
to home screen without closing application.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="79%">
<p><b>escape</b> - When set, touching the key will send
escape character.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>bell-character</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the behaviour of bell
characters.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Accepts a one
of these values:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="41%">
<p><b>vibrate</b> - vibrate the device.</p></td>
<td width="38%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="41%">
<p><b>beep</b> - short sound beep.</p></td>
<td width="38%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="41%">
<p><b>ignore</b> - ignore bell characters.</p></td>
<td width="38%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">If property is
not being set, the default behaviour is equivalent to
&ldquo;bell-character=vibrate&rdquo;.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>ctrl-space-workaround</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
if ctrl+space key combination does not work on hardware
keyboard.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>default-working-directory</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">An absolute path to default
working directory. Default is Termux home.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>disable-hardware-keyboard-shortcuts</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
to disable hardware keyboard shortcuts.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>disable-terminal-session-change-toast</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
to disable toast notifications on terminal session
changes.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>enforce-char-based-input</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
if you have issues with touch keyboard. For example text is
not being sent to terminal until you tap space. Or keyboard
shows the wrong layout, for example numeric.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Recommended for
people using Samsung devices with stock touch keyboard.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">This option is
disabled by default as cause some issues with correctly
working keyboards.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>extra-keys-style</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the style of extra
keys row view.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Accepts a one
of these values:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="73%">
<p><b>arrows-only</b> - use symbols only for arrow
buttons.</p> </td>
<td width="6%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="73%">
<p><b>arrows-all</b> - replace some labels with well-known
symbols.</p> </td>
<td width="6%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="73%">
<p><b>all</b> - use symbols instead labels where
possible.</p> </td>
<td width="6%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="73%">
<p><b>none</b> - don&rsquo;t replace labels with symbols at
all.</p> </td>
<td width="6%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">If extra keys
row symbols are not displayed properly, use
&ldquo;none&rdquo;.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>extra-keys-text-all-caps</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
to force capitalize the text on extra keys row buttons.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>fullscreen</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
to have Termux running in a full screen mode.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">The full screen
mode may not work correctly on some devices. This issue can
be fixed by enabling
&ldquo;use-fullscreen-workaround&rdquo;.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>hide-soft-keyboard-on-startup</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
to make software keyboard hidden on application startup.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>shortcut.create-session</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Sets a key combination for
creating new session.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">For example,
use of</p>
<pre style="margin-left:27%; margin-top: 1em">shortcut.create-session = ctrl + t</pre>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">will allow to
open a new terminal session by pressing CTRL + t.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>shortcut.next-session</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Sets a key combination for
switching to the next session. Value format is same as for
&ldquo;shortcut.create-session&rdquo; property.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>shortcut.previous-session</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Sets a key combination for
switching to the previous session. Value format is same as
for &ldquo;shortcut.create-session&rdquo; property.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>shortcut.rename-session</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Sets a key combination for
opening a dialog for renaming the current session. Value
format is same as for &ldquo;shortcut.create-session&rdquo;
property.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>soft-keyboard-toggle-behaviour</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the behaviour of
&ldquo;keyboard&rdquo; button located in the drawer.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Accepts a one
of these values:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="79%">
<p><b>enable/disable</b> - whether to enable or disable
soft keyboard at all.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="79%">
<p><b>show/hide</b> - whether to show or hide soft
keyboard.</p> </td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Default is
show/hide.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>terminal-cursor-blink-rate</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the cursor blink rate.
Valid value range is from 100 to 2000. If set to 0, the
cursor blinking will be disabled.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>terminal-cursor-style</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the style of terminal
cursor.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Accepts a one
of these values:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="11%">
<p><b>block</b></p></td>
<td width="68%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="11%">
<p><b>bar</b></p></td>
<td width="68%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="11%">
<p><b>underline</b></p></td>
<td width="68%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Default is
block.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>terminal-margin-horizontal</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the terminal margin on
left and right. Value is defined in dp units in range from 0
to 100. Default is 3.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>terminal-margin-vertical</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the terminal margin on
top and bottom. Value is defined in dp units in range from 0
to 100. Default is 0.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>terminal-onclick-url-open</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">If set to &ldquo;true&rdquo;,
clicking on URL link in terminal transcript will open
it.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>terminal-toolbar-height</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the terminal toolbar
height. Valid value range is from 0.4 to 3.0. Default is
1.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>terminal-transcript-rows</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls how much lines are
stored in scrollback buffer. Valid value range is from 100
to 50000. Default is 2000.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Note that
setting high values may affect console rendering
performance.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>use-black-ui</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">If set to &ldquo;true&rdquo;,
application will use primarily black color for the most of
user interface elements.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Setting this to
&ldquo;false&rdquo; will have opposite effect.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">If the property
is not set, then application will choose colors accordingly
to the current system theme.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>use-fullscreen-workaround</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Set this to &ldquo;true&rdquo;
if experience issues with full screen mode.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>volume-keys</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Controls the behaviour of
volume buttons.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Accepts a one
of these values:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="64%">
<p><b>virtual</b> - volume buttons will act as special
keys.</p> </td>
<td width="15%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="18%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="64%">
<p><b>volume</b> - control sound volume as usual.</p></td>
<td width="15%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Default is
&ldquo;virtual&rdquo;.</p>
<h2>EXTRA KEYS ROW
<a name="EXTRA KEYS ROW"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux also has
an extra keys row(s) which allows you to extend your current
keyboard. To enable the extra keys row you have to long tap
on the keyboard button in the left drawer menu or
Volume-Down+K key combination.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Layout of the
extra keys rows is configurable through the standard Termux
configuration file located in</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">~/.termux/termux.properties</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">See section
<b>CONFIGURATION</b> to learn more about Termux
properties.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Sample
configuration of 2 extra keys rows:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">extra-keys = [ \
['ESC','/','-','HOME','UP','END','PGUP'], \
['TAB','CTRL','ALT','LEFT','DOWN','RIGHT','PGDN'] \
]</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Configuration
may be done as one line or be spread between multiple lines
by using backslashes like in example above.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Value format is
2-dimensional JSON array.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">It is possible
to configure a popups buttons which can be triggered by
swiping up on the respective keys.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Here is a syntax
for the popup key object:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">{key: KEY, popup: POPUP_KEY}</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Alternate, more
advanced syntax for defining the popup:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">{key: KEY, popup: {macro: 'KEY COMBINATION', display: 'Key combo'}}</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">An example of
complex Termux extra keys configuration with using
popups:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">extra-keys = [[ \
{key: ESC, popup: {macro: &quot;CTRL f d&quot;, display: &quot;tmux exit&quot;}}, \
{key: CTRL, popup: {macro: &quot;CTRL f BKSP&quot;, display: &quot;tmux &acirc;&quot;}}, \
{key: ALT, popup: {macro: &quot;CTRL f TAB&quot;, display: &quot;tmux &acirc;&quot;}}, \
{key: TAB, popup: {macro: &quot;ALT a&quot;, display: A-a}}, \
{key: LEFT, popup: HOME}, \
{key: DOWN, popup: PGDN}, \
{key: UP, popup: PGUP}, \
{key: RIGHT, popup: END}, \
{macro: &quot;ALT j&quot;, display: A-j, popup: {macro: &quot;ALT g&quot;, display: A-g}}, \
{key: KEYBOARD, popup: {macro: &quot;CTRL d&quot;, display: exit}} \
]]</pre>
<h3>SUPPORTED KEYS
<a name="SUPPORTED KEYS"></a>
</h3>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Each key
&ldquo;entry&rdquo; can be either a string such as
&lsquo;|&rsquo;, &lsquo;/&rsquo;, &lsquo;=&rsquo; or one of
the values listed below.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">CTRL (&ldquo;special
key&rdquo;)</p> </td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>ALT (&ldquo;special key&rdquo;)</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>FN (&ldquo;special key&rdquo;)</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>SPACE</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>ESC</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>TAB</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>HOME</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>END</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>PGUP</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>PGDN</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>INS</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>DEL</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>BKSP</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>UP</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>LEFT</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>RIGHT</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>DOWN</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>ENTER</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>BACKSLASH</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>QUOTE</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>APOSTROPHE</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>KEYBOARD (hide the keyboard)</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="1%">
<p>&bull;</p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="62%">
<p>DRAWER (open app drawer)</p></td>
<td width="26%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Each of the
three &ldquo;special keys&rdquo; listed above should only be
listed at most ONCE in the extra-keys definition
i.e.&nbsp;do NOT have more than one CTRL key. Having more
than one instance of any &ldquo;special key&rdquo; will
result in a bug whereby those keys do not function
correctly.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">A note about
backslash: this character has special meaning and you should
not use it directly to define a key. Use
&lsquo;BACKSLASH&rsquo; instead, otherwise properly escape
it - <tt>'\\\\'</tt>.</p>
<h3>TEXT INPUT VIEW
<a name="TEXT INPUT VIEW"></a>
</h3>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux does not
support the advanced features of touch keyboards like
autocorrection, prediction and swipe typing. To solve this,
it provides a text input view. Text entered in it will get
pasted to the terminal. Because it is a native Android text
input view, all touch keyboard features will work. To access
the text input view you have to swipe the extra keys row to
the left.</p>
<h2>DIFFERENCES FROM LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS
<a name="DIFFERENCES FROM LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux does not
guarantee full compatibility with GNU/Linux environment and
you may observe inconvenient behaviour of some utilities,
especially from those which were not officially ported to
Android OS (Termux). See below to learn about the major
differences. <tt><br>
No compliance with Filesystem Hierarchy Standard</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Termux does not follow
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard because Android does not make
root file system world-writable and Termux is not a virtual
machine.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">All files are
stored within the application private directory on internal
storage to ensure that application has full control over its
files and also special features like symlinks or file access
modes (<b>chmod(1)</b>).</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">The data is
being stored in 2 main locations: <tt><br>
/data/data/com.termux/files/home</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:27%;">A home directory where user can
place his files.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;"><tt>/data/data/com.termux/files/usr</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:27%;">The prefix - a place where all
packages are being extracted during installation. Has a
directory structure similar to the root file system of
traditional Linux distributions.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">You may have
problems with running some utilities accessing standard
directories like /var or /tmp.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Termux has some
workarounds for that. For example, it preloads a shared
library &ldquo;libtermux-exec.so&rdquo; which intercepts
&ldquo;execve()&rdquo; and maps /bin to directory located in
the prefix.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">With utility
<b>termux-chroot</b> that comes as part of package
<b>proot(1)</b> you should be able to emulate a
FHS-compliant root file system.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>No GNU libc</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Termux does not use GNU libc.
Instead it uses a Bionic libc and dynamic linker provided by
Android OS.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Programs linked
with GNU libc will not work in Termux. Bionic libc has
different ABI and dynamic linker path. You likely will
observe weird messages &ldquo;No such file or
directory&rdquo; when attempting to run executable file but
know that file is present. That happens because dynamic
linker cannot be started because does not exist on expected
location.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Programs which
were statically-linked with GNU libc may misbehave too. You
may get a &ldquo;Bad system call&rdquo; errors. Also
networking software will likely show DNS resolution errors
because Android does not provide <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt>
and by default even in statically-linked programs GNU libc
still uses libresolv as shared library which is not
present.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Consider to
rebuild your software in Termux environment by using
clang.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>Only one user</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Termux environment is
single-user only. It operates under user id assigned by
Android OS which you cannot change.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">There no
privilege separation, all Termux files such as package data
or user data in home directory is owned by same user id. Be
extremely careful when executing third-party scripts as they
can easily do unauthorized modifications which may lead to
broken Termux installation or lost user data.</p>
<h2>PACKAGE MANAGEMENT
<a name="PACKAGE MANAGEMENT"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux uses
<b>apt(8)</b> as package manager, just like Debian. However
we highly recommend to use our wrapper <b>pkg</b> which
simplifies certain tasks and also automatically picks the
mirror to help reduce traffic usage on the origin
repositories. See its usage below.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Installing
package:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">pkg install &lt;package name&gt;</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Uninstall
package:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">pkg uninstall &lt;package name&gt;</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Reinstall
package:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">pkg reinstall &lt;package name&gt;</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">List the all
available packages:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">pkg list-all</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">List the
installed packages:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">pkg list-installed</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Search
packages:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">pkg search &lt;query&gt;</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Upgrade
packages:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">pkg upgrade</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux
implements a rolling-release updates scheme to reduce amount
of work needed to maintain packages since developer team is
small. You need to check for updates on a regular basis,
especially before installing a new package. Otherwise at
some day your environment may become broken.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">If you prefer to
use <b>apt(8)</b> over <b>pkg</b>, please ensure that for
installing updates you use these commands:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">apt update
apt full-upgrade</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Also always run
&ldquo;apt update&rdquo; before installing package. The
wrapper <b>pkg</b> does that for you automatically.</p>
<h2>ACCESSING THE STORAGE
<a name="ACCESSING THE STORAGE"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">By default
Termux does not provide access to storage volumes where you
typically store your files like pictures or documents. In
order to get access to shared storage, execute the next
command:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">termux-setup-storage</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">This will prompt
you for Storage Access Permission. Once it granted, Termux
will setup symlinks to various standard directories under
&ldquo;~/storage&rdquo;. <tt><br>
~/storage/shared</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">The root directory of shared
storage.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/storage/downloads</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Standard directory where
downloaded files are stored.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/storage/dcim</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Standard directory where
captured photos and video are stored.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/storage/pictures</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Standard directory for photo
gallery.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/storage/music</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Standard directory where music
albums are stored.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/storage/movies</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Standard directory where videos
are stored.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/storage/external-1</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">The private directory of Termux
on external SD-card.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Note that if you
decide to wipe Termux data or uninstall application, all
files stored in private application directories will be
deleted.</p>
<h3>Note about external storage
<a name="Note about external storage"></a>
</h3>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Android does not
allow to have a direct write access to external storage like
SD-cards and USB drives unless you are not doing so in
private directories like</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">/storage/0123-ABCD/Android/data/com.termux/files</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">If you want to
write files to storage root or directory other than private
one of Termux, you need superuser permissions.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Android
applications like file managers can do that because they use
a special API called Storage Access Framework. But command
line utilities cannot use this one.</p>
<h3>Transferring files to Termux
<a name="Transferring files to Termux"></a>
</h3>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">To put files
into Termux, you have 2 variants.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The first one
would be copying or moving files from shared storage into
Termux directory by using <b>cp(1)</b> or <b>mv(1)</b>. You
may also setup a some file server and access it through
localhost.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The second
variant would be usage of file manager application which
supports Storage Access Framework and is able to attach
volumes. Just select &ldquo;Termux&rdquo; volume from menu
and you should be able to access home directory.</p>
<h3>Sharing data to other applications
<a name="Sharing data to other applications"></a>
</h3>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">You may give a
temporary read access to certain files stored within Termux.
Use command</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">termux-open</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">to do this. You
may specify a MIME type by using option
&ldquo;--content-type&rdquo; when sharing the file to ensure
that it will be opened by correct application.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Similarly to
sharing files, you may share URL. You will need to use
command &ldquo;<b>termux-open-url</b>&rdquo;.</p>
<h3>Android 11+
<a name="Android 11+"></a>
</h3>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Since Android 11
Termux may not be able to provide the access to shared and
external storage. This is not a bug. Just new restrictions
which enforce storage access over Android API which cannot
be used by shell.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">From that point
you are locked to Termux private directories like $HOME or
such on storage volume:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">/storage/self/primary/Android/data/com.termux/files</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">You still should
be able to exchange files with Termux home directory by
accessing Termux virtual volume through File managers
supporting Storage Access Framework.</p>
<h2>BACKUP AND RESTORE
<a name="BACKUP AND RESTORE"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux
installation can be backed up by archiving directory $PREFIX
and storing the file in safe location. A rudimentary backup
tools are already bundled with package
&lsquo;termux-tools&rsquo;, though you are free to use your
own.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">How to back up
Termux installation ($PREFIX):</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">termux-backup /sdcard/termux.tar.gz</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">How to restore
Termux installation from backup:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">termux-restore /sdcard/termux.tar.gz</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Note that backup
performed this way does not include the content of your home
directory. Restoring procedure will overwrite the content of
$PREFIX deleting all extra files which were not present in
backup archive. So be careful!</p>
<h2>RECOVERY IF SESSION FAILS TO START
<a name="RECOVERY IF SESSION FAILS TO START"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">If Termux
session cannot be launched due to misconfiguration in
dotfiles, you still should be able to start a failsafe
session. How-to:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p>1.</p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="45%">
<p>Long click on Termux launcher icon.</p></td>
<td width="42%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p>2.</p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="45%">
<p>Select shortcut &ldquo;failsafe&rdquo;.</p></td>
<td width="42%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Once you are in
a failsafe session, navigate to Termux home directory and
rename or delete the dotfiles causing the issue. Finally,
restart the application.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">If problem is
not with the dotfiles, for example you have messed up Termux
prefix and do not know what to do, our recommendation is
<i>complete reinstallation</i> by executing</p>
<pre style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">rm -rf /data/data/com.termux/files/usr</pre>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">This will erase
all packages but will not touch your home directory.</p>
<h2>ENVIRONMENT
<a name="ENVIRONMENT"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Termux exposes
some variables set by Android OS as well as its own. Here is
a brief list of default environment variables, their
description and values.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="5%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><tt>HOME</tt></p></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="26%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Path to Termux home.</p></td>
<td width="56%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Termux home
directory is a place for user files. It is located at</p>
<pre style="margin-left:27%; margin-top: 1em">/data/data/com.termux/files/home</pre>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Do not modify
the value of this environment variable since Termux
doesn&rsquo;t support customizing location of the home
directory.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="8%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><tt>PREFIX</tt></p></td>
<td width="1%"></td>
<td width="35%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Termux installation prefix.</p></td>
<td width="47%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">A base
directory for Termux installation. It is located at</p>
<pre style="margin-left:27%; margin-top: 1em">/data/data/com.termux/files/usr</pre>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Do not modify
the value of this environment variable. Termux packages are
not relocatable. Some of them may also look this variable to
find their files.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="5%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><tt>PATH</tt></p></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="41%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Utility lookup paths for
shells.</p> </td>
<td width="41%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Used by shells
to find command line utilities. By default, it contains this
value:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:27%; margin-top: 1em">/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin</pre>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">You may append
or prepend your own paths if needed, for example:</p>
<pre style="margin-left:27%; margin-top: 1em">export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin</pre>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">But make sure
that Termux-specific bin directory location is not
missing.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="9%"></td>
<td width="5%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><tt>LANG</tt></p></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Locale.</p></td>
<td width="73%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Mimic support
of UTF-8 en_US locale, so programs will properly handle
Unicode characters.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Default value
is &ldquo;en_US.UTF-8&rdquo;.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">As Termux does
not support locales, changing this variable is not
recommended and may have unexpected effects.</p>
<h2>FILES
<a name="FILES"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">A list of files
which have special meaning for the Termux application.
<tt><br>
~/bin/termux-url-opener</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">A script for processing an
intent when a third-party application shares an URL with
Termux.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/bin/termux-file-editor</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">A script for processing an
intent when a third-party application shares a file with
Termux.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/storage</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">A directory containing symlinks
to shared or external storages and to certain standard
directories.</p>
<p style="margin-left:18%; margin-top: 1em">Do not store
files directly under this directory. Put them to locations
accessible through symlinks instead.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/.termux/termux.properties</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">Application configuration
file.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/.termux/colors.properties</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">A configuration file containing
a color scheme for styling the terminal. Usually is
generated by Termux:Styling add-on.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%;"><tt>~/.termux/font.ttf</tt></p>
<p style="margin-left:18%;">A file containing TTF font data
for styling the terminal. Usually is generated by
Termux:Styling add-on.</p>
<h2>BUGS
<a name="BUGS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Report
application issues to
&lt;https://github.com/termux/termux-app/issues&gt;.</p>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Package-related
issues should be reported to
&lt;https://github.com/termux/termux-packages/issues&gt;.</p>
<h2>SEE ALSO
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">Complete and
up-to-date infomation about Termux usage is available on
Termux Wiki here:
&lt;https://wiki.termux.com/wiki/Main_Page&gt;.</p>
<h2>AUTHORS
<a name="AUTHORS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:9%; margin-top: 1em">The Termux
project contributors.</p>
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