79 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
79 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Archives"
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tags: [ "tar", "backups", ".tgz", "tar.gz" ]
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---
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# `tar`
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## Create
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Combine many files and directories into a single t-archive file.
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```sh
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tar cf "$ARCHIVE".tar $DIR
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```
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You can remember this with the mnemonic '*C*reate *F*ile'.
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Unfortunately, this stores the full file path, so making a tar archive of `/etc/nginx/` will store `etc/nginx` (without the leading `/`).
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It's often better to tell tar which path to start from using the `-C` flag.
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```sh
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tar cf "$ARCHIVE".tar -C /etc/ nginx
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```
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Check the contents of your archive with:
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```sh
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tar tf "$ARCHIVE".tar
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```
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If you want to store 'everything in a directory', then using `*` will not work, because it will target everything in the *current* directory.
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Instead, you can store the target in a variable:
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```sh
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files=$(ls /etc/nginx)
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tar cf "$ARCHIVE".tar -C /etc/nginx/ $file
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```
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## Extract
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Extract the tar archive with
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```sh
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tar xf "$ARCHIVE".tar
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```
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You can remember this with the mnemonic 'e*X*tract *F*ile'.
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## Compress
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Create a zip-compressed archive with the `z` flag.
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```sh
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tar czf "$ARCHIVE".tgz -C /etc/nginx/ $file
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```
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You can use any file ending you want, but sane people like to use '.tgz' or '.tar.tgz'.
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# 7zip
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(also called 'p7zip' or '7z')
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Make archive:
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```sh
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7za a -tzip -p "$PASSWORD" -mem=AES256 $ARCHIVE.zip $FILE_1 $FILE_2
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```
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Note that people can still see every filename in your archive, and can change those files.
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They just can't read the contents.
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Unzip:
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```sh
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7za x archive.zip
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```
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7zip will open anything: zip-files, rar-files, a tin of beans, *anything*.
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However, the extracted tgz files will just be tar files, so you will still need to use tar to extract them (see above).
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